Maxtlatl (“Loin cloth”)Ī kind of bill edged with obsidian blades. Tunic worn over the Ichcaphuipilli by nobles. They were secured to a cane bakc-rack which in turn was tied across the chest with leather straps. Military Equipment BackbannerĬaptains and high-ranking units wore various back ornaments constructed of bark paper, cloth, and feathers. Formed from 2 to 5 Tiachcauh depending on the size of the Calpulli and the period.Ī Tzontli was 400 men whereas a Tiachcauh comprised all men from a Calpulli probably equivalent.Įach unit of 100 to 400 had a standard of its own. Tenochtitlan was divided into four quarters five after 1973 and the assimulation of neighbouring Tlatiloco.Ĩ,000 men. The correspondence of the between the Administrative and Military units is most likely to have been: Administrative Unit Quauheuhueh (“Eagle Elders”)Įagle-Jaguars who were too old to fight but still accompanied military expedition to act as marshals. Pictorial evidence suggests Jaguars were more common than Eagles, and in fact Eagle suits are only depicted worn by rulers. ![]() Only four-captive warriors could enter these societies. Member of the religious warrior society – either Quaquauhtin (“Eagle Warrior”) or Ocelomeh (“Jaguar Warrior”). The same title as a provincial governor was given to warriors who took a 6th captive from Atlixco, Huexotzingo, or Tliliuhquitepec during reign of Moctezume II. Quauhyahcatl (“Great Captain”)ĭuring reign of Moctezume II this was the name given a warrior whose 5th captive was from Atlixco, Huexotzingo, or Tliliuhquitepec. Also known as Momiccatlcani (“They who hurl themselves to death”).ĭepending on the situation Quachicqueh and Otonin were fielded in independent units, or as captains of 100 lesser warriors, or interspersed with the lesser warriors to bolster their morale. Quachicqueh (“Scalped heads” or “Shorn Ones”) Warrior who has taken five or six captives. Telpochtatoh (“Ruler of youths”)įour captive warrior who is the governor of a telpochcalli school. Although literally meaning “Tribute Owner” (in the sense they have a share of the tribute by being maintained by the state), Tequihuahqueh is usually translated “Veteran” or “Valiant Warrior”. Tequihuahqueh (“Tribute Owners”)įour captive warrior. Tlamani (“Captor”)Ī general term covering all warriors who have taken captives. Telpochyahqui (“Leading Youth”)Ī warrior who has taken one captive, even with the help of up to six companions. Cuexpalchicacpo (“Youth with a baby’s tuft”)ĭerogative term for a warrior who has taken no captives after three or four campaigns. Military Ranks and Groups Tlamemes (“Porters”) Macehualtin (“Commoners”)Ī mixture of free subjects, bondsmen or farm-hands (mayehqueh or tlalmaitin), and slaves (tlatlacohtin). Because of their familiarity with foreign lands they often acted as ambassadors and spies. They formed a class between the commoners proper and the nobles. ![]() Leaders of each town ward or Calulli (“big house”). Quauhpipiltin (“Eagle nobles”)Ĭommoners who had acquired noble status through their martial prowess. Also divided into Tlazopipiltin if by legal wives and Calpanpipiltin if by concubines. ![]() Pipiltin (“Nobles by Birth”)ĭivided into Tlatocapipiltin – the descendents of rulers – and Tecpipiltin – the descendents of Chieftains. Senior Nobility and heads of noble houses – effectively tribal chiefs. Tlacatecatl (“Cutter of Men”), Tlacochcalcatl (“Blood-Shedder”), Tlilancalqui (“Master of the House of Darkness”), and Quauhnochtli (“chief of the Eagle and Prickly Pear”) Cihuacoatl (“Serpent-Woman”)Ĭhief minister and deputy of the Mexica Tlatoani. Teuctlatoqueh (“Judges”)Īlternative name for tributary leaders. Also called Taltoque, Hueytlatoani (“Revered Speaker”) or Tlacatecuhtli (“Chief of men”). King or paramount chief of Tenochtitlan, but also used for some of the Tributary rulers. Indian words are in Nahuatl, and specifically Aztec, unless otherwise mentioned.
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